Roofed car park

A roof, three spaces and no conditioning

The definition has three conditions: a roof, at least three car parking spaces and no energy used to condition the indoor environment. The last condition separates it from a building, which point (1) defines as a roofed construction with walls for which energy is used to condition the indoor environment. A carport with three spaces under a canopy is a roofed car park; a heated underground garage is part of a building.

The term exists for one duty. Article 10(3)(e) requires suitable solar energy installations by 31 December 2029 on all new roofed car parks physically adjacent to buildings, if technically suitable and economically and functionally feasible. A car park is physically adjacent when it is intended for the residents, visitors or workers of a building and lies within the property area or in the direct vicinity of the building (point (65)). Article 10(4) requires Member States to publish national criteria for applying the solar duties and for possible exemptions.

The term is separate from the recharging duties. Article 14 counts the car parking spaces of buildings, and a roofed car park adjacent to a non-residential building can be part of the count under Article 14(1) when the car park is physically adjacent to the building.

In the Netherlands, the explanatory note to Staatsblad 2026, 103 states that the solar duties for new residential buildings and new adjacent roofed car parks will be introduced from 2030, with the zero-emission rules.