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Glossary termPublished inMiCAAMLR

Crypto-asset

What does "Crypto-asset" mean under MiCA?

A digital representation of a value or of a right that is able to be transferred and stored electronically using distributed ledger technology or similar technology

Defined in / by

Last updated: 23 August 2026.

Regulations

  • Markets in Crypto-Assets (MiCA)

    MiCA is Regulation (EU) 2023/1114. Full application began on 30 December 2024 and the EU-wide transitional period expired on 1 July 2026, so there is now no grandfathering anywhere in the EEA. Around 325 crypto-asset service providers are authorised. Not one asset-referenced token issuer appears on ESMA's register.

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    Commission final report under Art. 140, covering DeFi, third-country equivalence, thresholds and consensus-mechanism environmental impact

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  • Anti-Money Laundering Regulation (AMLR)

    The AMLR is Regulation (EU) 2024/1624. It applies from 10 July 2027 and is directly applicable, so from that date customer due diligence, beneficial ownership, reporting and internal controls come from EU law rather than national statute. Cash payments for goods and services are capped at €10,000. Football clubs and agents follow on 10 July 2029.

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    AMLR applies (Art. 90) and the AMLD6 transposition deadline. References to Directive (EU) 2015/849 are construed as references to the AMLR and AMLD6, per the correlation table in Annex VI (Art. 89); the repeal itself sits in AMLD6

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